Sciatica
Sciatica is pain that travels along the sciatic nerve, from the lower back through the buttock and down the leg. It is a symptom rather than a disease, most often caused by a herniated disc or spinal stenosis pressing on a nerve root. It is very common, and most episodes improve without surgery.
Common symptoms
- Pain radiating from the low back or buttock down the back of the leg
- Burning, electric, or shooting quality to the pain
- Numbness or tingling in the leg or foot
- Weakness in the leg or foot in more significant cases
- Pain often worse with sitting, coughing, or sneezing
When to see a specialist
Most sciatica improves within weeks using relative rest, movement, physical therapy, and medication, so non-surgical care comes first. Seek prompt medical attention for progressive leg weakness, numbness in the groin, or bladder or bowel changes. If significant pain persists beyond six to twelve weeks despite good conservative care, a spine surgeon can discuss whether a procedure like microdiscectomy or laminectomy would address the cause.
Treatment options
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Common questions
- Does sciatica always need surgery?
- No, the large majority of cases resolve with time and conservative care. Surgery is typically considered only for persistent, severe symptoms with a clear compressive cause on imaging, or for progressive weakness.
- How long does sciatica last?
- Many episodes improve within four to six weeks, though some take a few months. Recurrences are common but often milder and shorter.
- What triggers sciatica?
- The most frequent causes are a herniated disc or age-related narrowing (stenosis) pressing on a nerve root. Prolonged sitting, lifting, and twisting can aggravate symptoms while the nerve is irritated.
This page provides general information only and is not medical advice. Consult a qualified physician about your specific situation. Listings are not endorsements.